Frito

Frito-Lay Tostistos Essay Frito-LaysTostitosIn 1932, Elmer Doolin, who was in the frozen yogurt business, purchased a formula for corn chips from a Mexican man who was anxious to leave the states and get back. From him Doolin obtained 19 records and old assembling gear in would like to begin a totally new industry in America. The principal fabricating plant for Fritos Corn Chips began in Doolins moms kitchen. With a great deal of difficult work, Elmers deals expanded and new hardware and bundling were before long required. After WW II he would allow H.W. Lay and Company, a wellspring of potato chips and nibble nourishments, a restrictive establishment to produce and appropriate Fritos Corn Chips. The two organizations would work near one another and in 1961 they would combine. After four years, Pepsi-Cola Company would likewise consolidate with Frito-Lay, yet with discrete working divisions, to shape another organization called PepsiCo. Shoppers in 1995 spent an expected $13.2 billion on Frito-Lay tidbits, up $1.8 billion out of 1994. (PepsiCo. 1995 Annual Report). As of now, Frito-Lay is as yet extending its deals and serves the entirety of the US markets. In 1989 they remade their business into 4 provincial divisions to reinforce its channel dispersion. Their development has proceeded and starting at 1991 they had 22 Sales and Marketing zones so as to bring the choice procedure closer together. At present they are proceeding to develop broadly and comprehensively with appropriation coming to about 400,000 in retail, distributing, and food administration accounts around the nation (PepsiCo. 1995 Annual Report) They offer in excess of 100 product offerings and a few brand names, for example, Lays, Ruffles, Doritos, Rold Gold, and Tostitos. The general piece of the overall industry for tortilla and corn contributes 1993 represented 25.8% of retail deals and 27.8% of pound volume of the salted bites showcase. Frito-La ys showcase inclusion includes concentrated dissemination by setting its items in accommodation stores, mass merchandisers, general stores, markets, and candy machines. Todays normal for the companys dissemination among basic food item and grocery stores has ascended to about 56% (PepsiCo.1996 Facts). Frito-Lays nearest rivalry in size for nibble nourishments is Nabisco, who dosent have a bite chip to contend with Tostitos corn chip. Brilliant Flake Enterprises is Fritos greatest rival in size and markets served that has a tortilla chip, yet they contend in a roundabout route through restricted product offerings. A few organizations that contend serving littler markets are Philadelphias Utz, Herrs, and Bravo. They attempt to contend with Frito-Lay, however a large portion of them need to add a level of separation to increase a slight upper hand in a market that is to simple to duplicate. Organizations selling in little neighborhood markets attempt to contend and separate through foc using on their crowds all the more straightforwardly which is hard for Frito Lay to do. Anyway littler organizations assets are restricted, so it is difficult to contend straightforwardly with the large wholesaler in business sectors served. Frito has likewise utilized the procedure of forward combination, which implies they have utilized their income to deal with merchants and retailers which makes it difficult for little organizations to pick up dissemination channels. Fritos nibble items are accessible in 40 nations and accepts that most of its development will originate from setting up new markets. Frito-Lay possesses the greater part of their tasks however a few activities are joint endeavors. The organization takes a stab at keeping its piece of the pie and has gotten outside firms to take a gander at their flexibly anchor from assembling to dispersion, to coordinations and transportation arranging. This previous year the organization won an honor for its flavoring and bundling program. It attempts to get full truckloads by using one of a kind bearer the executives innovation frameworks which are anticipated to spare 20% in transportation costs, diminish stock conveying costs, and empower conveyances two times every week to creation offices which is relied upon to diminish transportation time. They are likewise utilizing what is known as a back-pull program to fill void miles in Frito-Lays private armada, creating over $250,000 in gradual incom e for its traffic habitats. They have likewise spent enormous cash on a coordinated framework which gives perceivability and profitability apparatuses to advance Frito-Lays dissemination organize (www.markvii.com/news/frito.htm). Just Outlaws EssayMarketing and Advertising

Taha Computer Network Security Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Taha Computer Network Security Services - Essay Example Taha Company will likewise be worried about the aggregate instruments and procedures that will be associated with defending the touchy and significant data from distribution. This will help shield the data and the PCs of the people and organizations from physical damage.There are measures and plans later on to offer other PC administrations to the customers. These different administrations incorporate contribution both the product and equipment support and giving PC preparing to the people and the organizations who are our clients.Taha Computer Security Service Company has an upper hand over some other business since there is none other organization that offers PC security benefits in the district. The proprietors of PCs and crucial data have been presented to both physical harms and different harms brought about by breakdowns and Trojans, which have prompted the loss of pay of the people and companies.The company’s mission is to be a data innovation partner to its customers a nd to give PC security and insurance to its customers in a more extensive market. This may be reachable by an addition in the company’s returns, which will be utilized in extension to different markets to offer these types of assistance. Our help administrations to help in the market catch and development incorporate preparing, offers, and system administrations. The organization will likewise look for other new chances to have the option to be serious enough once different organizations attack the business.

The evolution essays

The development articles In nature development happens all through different various things. Likewise development happens in innovation. Take for example, ATM was a development of edge transfer, and casing hand-off was an advancement of parcel exchanging. Development happens all over the place yet in innovation it happens constantly. Bundle exchanging innovation separates messages into fixed-length pieces called parcels and sent through a system exclusively. In bundle exchanging messages are sectioned into parcels of a pre decided size before they are sent. This procedure is called packetizing. The parcels are regularly 1000 bytes in length. There is a great deal of mistake insurance in the parcel. Bundle exchanging systems are made to run a few elective fast ways starting with one hub then onto the next. For example if a hub from San Francisco is attempting to make an impression on Los Angeles and the association is occupied or down, it will divert its message to Denver then to Los Angeles as an elective course. Edge hand-off is parcel switchings closest relative. Casing hand-off developed from bundle exchanging. Rather than sending parcels outline transfer sends outlines. A casing has a one-byte header, two tending to and control bytes, a variable-length information field (1-64000 bytes), a 16-piece cyclic excess check, and an end byte.Tcom book. In outline hand-off, there is equipment, on the two parts of the bargains that assembles and separates outlines. They do this through a wide range of information streams, LAN bundles, advanced voice, and offbeat terminal information and the equipment composes the casings sequentially. The explanation outline transfer is more well known and preferred advanced over parcel exchanging is that it utilizes usually accessible circuits, which gives great throughput, and has low inactivity and is anything but difficult to arrange. Parcel exchanging is just useful for information moving and is sent through one kind of line. Edge transfer sends more data quic ker and through multi types of associations. This makes bundle swi ... <!

Hamlet Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hamlet Paper - Essay Example This setting stresses the prohibition of the individuals in this scene from the significant and illustrious individuals who are tucked up inside the mansion. It seems as though the creator is driving the crowd tenderly up to the stronghold from a significant distance and constraining them to delay and ponder the time and spot before handling the fundamental characters and plot. As the scene grows, in any case, it bit by bit turns out to be evident that this initial scene is setting down certain markers for what is to come. It does this by causing to notice three primary topics which are: unwaveringness to the ruler, the contrast among dream and reality, and the fear of some looming however obscure insidiousness. The initial lines of the play are obviously a trade between two gatekeepers, Bernardo and Francisco, who are changing spots since it is the ideal opportunity for one to complete his day of work, and the other one to begin. They address each other heartily but then likewise de ferentially, and plainly the two of them are in support of a ruler since Bernardo yells out â€Å"Long live the king!† (Act I, Scene 1, line 3) as a methods for recognizing who he seems to be. Both Bernardo and Francisco characterize themselves by their obligation of dedication to the ruler, and in spite of the fact that they pay attention to their employments, it is by all accounts an existence of hardship, in light of the fact that Francisco grumbles of the cold and of the way that he is â€Å"sick at heart.† (Act I, Scene 1, line 8). This equivalent affirmation of devotion to the lord is rehashed when Horatio and Marcellus show up, announcing that they are â€Å"friends to this ground/And liegemen to the Dane.† (Act I, Scene 1, line 8). The Dane is a reference to the lord of Denmark, since rulers were frequently alluded to just with the name of the nation they controlled, and it is Shakespeare’s method of making it understood to the crowd that the acti vity happens in this remote nation of Denmark. The dedication of these men to the Danish position of royalty isn't at all addressed however a component of uncertainty sneaks in when it turns out to be evident that the spooky nebulous vision before them is â€Å"In a similar figure, similar to the ruler that’s dead† (Act I, Scene 1, line 41). This reference illuminates the crowd that there has been an ongoing changeover in the sovereignty, and that the officers have not yet acclimated to the new king’s rule. Bernardo says â€Å"Looks dislike the king?† (Act 1, Scene 1, line 43) and doesn't utilize an expression like â€Å"the old king†, or â€Å"the previous king†. This proposes he is as yet faithful to the old lord and considers him naturally as the legitimate ruler. The officers ask Horatio, who is tended to as a researcher, implying that he has more instruction and status than the conventional troopers, to address the spooky figure, and Ho ratio as well, uncovers his affection and regard for the dead lord, whom he alludes to â€Å"the magnificence of covered Denmark.† (Act I, Scene 1, line 48). For this situation the utilization drives home the message that if the destiny of the entire nation is tied up with the destiny of the ruler. This little trade infuses a component of anticipation into the scene, in light of the fact that the crowd will undoubtedly be considering what befell the old ruler, and who is presently controlling Denmark in his place. These inquiries are left lingering palpably, with the goal that the entire subject of authority procures an atmosphere of vulnerability. Additional data about the dead lord is given by Horatio, who apparently knew him, and battled with him

Should I Drop My Class

Should I Drop My Class You’re nearly halfway through your first semester of college, and you’re feeling stuck. Whether you keep skipping the class because a midday nap seems so much better, or you just can’t award the brain space to this Econ class right now, all you know is you’re not doing well.   As I write this, it is October 4th, aka two weeks away from Illinoiss drop deadline. And while it may be scary, dropping a class may be the way to go. But dropping a class means I’m a bad student! First off, no. That’s a lie we tend to tell ourselves because we feel bad about finding ourselves in a difficult situation. There isn’t a perfect list of reasons why you should or should not drop a class. In the end, it comes down to a handful of things: what can you do to improve your class performance, and how would keeping/dropping this class affect you. What can you do to improve? If you’re already skipping this class continuously, if you’re not doing the homework, if you haven’t opened the book since September 1st, these could all contribute to a bad grade in one of your courses. If you aren’t putting the effort in, it becomes that much harder to get a good grade out of it. In these cases, perhaps you just need to get motivated. Get up for the 9 a.m., go to the office hours even though it seems super awkward, don’t start your homework at 11:00 p.m. if its due at 11:59 p.m. If you can do better, try that before you drop the class. That said, if you’re doing what you’re supposed to be doing, it’s suddenly a different case. Sometimes your professor just doesn’t explain concepts well, or the book doesn’t make sense. If you’ve read the book and done the homework and you’re still feeling lost, maybe it’s time to consider dropping. It sucks sometimes when things just don’t click, but it should be noted that just because you don’t get it now doesn’t mean a new teacher and a new perspective might not help.   How would keeping/dropping this class affect you? While it is okay to drop classes, you have to understand what that means. Dropping a class could mean going below a certain credit requirement for a scholarship or leave you under the university requirement of twelve credits per semester. If the class is required for your major, you may have to retake this class no matter what, and this course may be a prerequisite for the next class for your major. Dropping a class doesn’t make you a bad person and it won’t ruin your academic career, but it isn’t something that should be taken lightly. But again, there are no perfect reasons to drop a class. If keeping a class you aren’t doing well in is really straining your well-being, maybe you’d be better off dropping. If you can’t stand your teacher and feel like they’re the reason you’re not learning, maybe taking it next semester with a new professor will help things. If you know you’ll never be able to get up at 7 a.m. for that Anthro class, maybe consider retaking the class next year but at 11 a.m. If this class is an elective and you really don’t need it, drop it.   Is there anything else I can do to avoid dropping? There are a few different options if you really don’t want to drop a class. Credit/No Credit Course Along with the drop deadline, October 18th is also the Credit/No Credit deadline. Denoting a course as Credit/No Credit means that as long as you get a C- or higher in the class, you pass. What makes this unique is the grade for class will not affect your GPA. You’ll simply get the credits. This is good for if you’re scared a C will ruin your 4.0 but know you’ll definitely pass the class. This method, however, can’t be used on courses required for your major. So no Credit/No Credit for JOUR 200 if you’re a Journalism major. However, this shouldn’t be something you go to whenever times get rough. Grad schools are more likely to pick applicants with fewer C/NC classes than with a bunch, and if you end up getting no credit, some schools automatically count that class as an F because they don’t know if you got a D+ or an F-. Pick Up an 8-week Course If you’re worried about not having enough credits or getting behind on getting through your Gen Eds, then an 8-week course might be right up your alley! A lot of them are online and they come in a variety of different majors and concentrations. While it will be a faster learning style because you only have half a semester to get through it, it will keep you from getting behind if you already have a plan for what classes you’re taking in the semesters to come. Things to Remember You’re not a bad person for dropping a class. You’re not disappointing anyone and this isn’t because you’re stupid. Sometimes situations arise that don’t make for the best learning environment, and the best move might be to take a break. But dropping a class doesn’t mean you can’t take it again or take something similar. It’s not quittingâ€"it’s recalculating to find the best route for your academic future. Jada Class of 2022 I'm a journalism major with an interest in film and television. In my spare time I blow bubbles on the Quad, write blogs and reviews for various websites, and douse myself in glitter to dance at obscure music festivals. That last one's not for attention, I just like glitter.

Whitman and Manhattan - Literature Essay Samples

The birthplace of Walt Whitman, New York is where the poet spent much of his life and became the inspiration for much of Whitman’s poetry. Living in an era where mass industrialization and modernization began to change and shape the New York, Whitman wrote â€Å"Mannahatta† as an acknowledgement and acceptance of this shift to an urban society. By first drawing attention to the aboriginal name, Whitman references the pure, natural origins of the city and how the formation of Manhattan is from the soil makes it seem alive. After that, Whitman looks at the cityscape, the detached yet beautiful aesthetic of the city, but does not condemn it for taking over the environment around it, because the city and the earth has formed together into one system. Finally, Whitman hones in on the lives of the people in the city, treasuring each of their lives and appreciating each of them as human beings that add to the individuality and liveliness of Manhattan. â€Å"Mannahatta† is Walt Whitman’s homage to New York City; it is a celebration of the union of the urbanized metropolis and the organic natural world as well as a recognition of the humanity that brings life to his beloved city. Whitmans search for a name that describes New York and his love for his city leads him to the original name, Mannahatta, and subsequently brings attention to the organic and fundamental parts of the city; he shows that the city is natural and alive, from its creation to its current development. Referencing the original name for the island, Whitman writes: I was asking for something specific and perfect for my city, Whereupon, lo! upsprang the aboriginal name! Now I see what there is a name, a word, liquid, sane, unruly, musical, self-sufficient; I see that the word of my city is that word up there (1-4). Whitman sees the original name, Mannahatta, as the perfect name for his city, suggesting that life in New York is as organic and free it had been hundreds of years ago. Mannahatta, meaning â€Å"land of many hills,† was the name that the Lenni Lenape Indians gave the city when they first arrived upon its shores. The fact that the name still fits the city, even though it has now become an industrial metropolis, shows that at its very roots, the city is still primitive. Through using the native name, Whitman references the nomadic tendencies of the native Indians, which also makes the city appear restless and yearning . In the next lines of the poem, Whitman draws attention to the name as â€Å"liquid, sane, unruly, musical, self-sufficient† (3). By using words such as liquid and unruly, Whitman makes the city appear as a fluid object, one that can form and meld without breaking or snapping. He sees New York as an autonomous being, a place where things are freewheeling an d subject to change, viewing the city as a living, breathing being of its own, chaotic in its own existence. By going back to its original name, Whitman seems to suggest that Manhattan is not an unnatural system and not just an industrial structure; it is as primitive and animated as it was when it was discovered. Despite being called aboriginal in the first part of the poem, Whitman still draws attention to the industrial aspects of the city, showing that he accepts the urbanization of Manhattan and that the melding together of nature and technology is welcome and appreciated. First, Whitman draws attention to the skyscrapers: â€Å"Numberless crowded streets – high growths of iron, slender, strong, light, splendidly uprising toward clear skies; / Tide swift and ample, well-loved by me, toward sundown† (6-8). Whitman creates the image of the iron of the skyscrapers meeting the sky; the use of â€Å"light† and â€Å"clear skies† is preceded with the mention of â€Å"numberless crowded streets – high growths of iron,† (6). This seems to show that the city is strong and stable enough to triumphantly reach the sky and join together with the natural world. From its natural roots, New York has built itself up higher and higher until it reconnected with the sky, an ideal marriage of metal and the environment. However, Whitman does not only writes about the sky as meeting with city, but he also mentions the water as another joint that the city connects to. For example, Whitman writes: The countless masts, the white shore-steamers, the lighters, the Ferry-boats, the black sea-steamers well-model’d, The downtown streets, the jobbers’ houses of business, the houses Of business of the ship-merchants and money-brokers, the River-streets (10-11). Whitman uses enjambment to allow the poem to flow fluidly, as if the words were tumbling into one another. In fact, save for the first two lines and last two lines, there are no full endstops in the entire poem. Even lines where there seems to be an end are marked by a comma or a dash, making the poem seem like one long thought, streaming and unceasing. This structure reinforces the image of the city meeting and becoming the river, cascading from one point to another. Through imagery and poetic devices, Whitman describes the union of the city with the sea and the sky to show his appreciation for this combination of modernity and the Earth that New York has become. However, what Whitman seems to love most about Manhattan is the variety of people that live there; he seems to want to seek out the lives of each and every one of these people, imagining the possibilities within them. †¯Whitman highlights the importance of humanity in the poem by using repetition in the majority of the poem, following a list-like form: â€Å"The carts hauling goods, the manly race of drivers of horses, the brown-faced sailors, / The summer air, the bright sun shining, and the sailing clouds aloft† (14-15). This repetitive form brings attention to the homogeneity of these objects, from the consistency of the sun and clouds, to the mechanical carts, to the uniformity of the groups of sailors and drivers. The repetition ends at the line that reads, The mechanics of the city, the masters, well-formd, beautiful-faced, looking you straight in the eyes (16). By breaking out of repetition, Whitman allows the reader to pay more attention to the line, just as he pr epares to pay more attention to the lives of these individuals. In the case of the citizens, there are no limitations in regards to intimacy, which Whitman seems to marvel over: A million people manners free and superb open voices hospitality the most courageous and friendly young menThe city of such women, I am mad to be with them! I will return after death to be with them! / The city of such young men, I swear I cannot live happy, without I often go talk, walk, eat, drink, sleep, with them! (19-24). What sets the humans apart from the rest of the city is the difference in their structure the city is made of concrete and steel, and no matter how hard one tries to understand it, the pure industrial character of it prevents anyone from getting too close to it. However, the people are generous and hospital, courageous and friendly, giving off a warmth that the cool mechanics of the city cannot have. Despite the beauty of the city, Whitman seems to suggest that without the men and women in the city, he cannot live happily in it, showing that even in the most brilliant and promising of cities, it is humanity and life that defines its worth, and so the mingling crowds of people in Manhattan is what brings worth to the city. Mannahatta is Whitmans ode to a city he loved and lived in. He takes the reader through the lives and experiences of those who live in New York, as if putting them in his shoes as he takes a stroll through the city. Living in a time when the city around him was changing, Whitman seems to embrace the modernity and industrialization of Manhattan, but does so tentatively. Although he starts with the very roots of the city and the organic origins that it was built upon, Whitman suggests that the industrial development of New York does not disrupt this naturalness, but in fact, adds to it. As the poem progresses, Whitman seems to focus in on the lives of the inhabitants of New York. He describes them just as he describes his beloved city: natural and endless. Whitman seems to suggest that without the lives and the humanity that people bring to a place, he cannot truly love this city, and in fact, his love for Manhattan is, fundamentally, a love for the people and the possibilities that li e in their existences.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1476 Words

Whenever you feel like criticizing any one, he told me, just remember that all the people in this world haven t had the advantages that you ve had† (Fitzgerald 3). Many people are born into bad statistics for being able to achieve the American dream. Nick reveals this very early on in The Great Gatsby with this thought provoking quote. Not all people are born with the same advantages as others. There are many factors that have held people back from attaining their goals in our great country.. Despite the perception that Americans can move from rags to riches to live the American Dream, the trials and obstacles that underserved and minorities have to overcome reveals that the American Dream is a false hope. The lower class citizens do not have the access to great schools, unlike the other social classes, so they are at a heavy disadvantage to achieve the American Dream. Education is a large part of advancing and thriving in certain economic and social classes. If a person is lucky enough to attend a good school, it gives the individual a better chance at succeeding into a higher social class which then leads to better jobs, pay, and better quality of life. Many people who are qualified to achieve a higher class of education do not pursue it because of financial stipulations. A very prominent professor Paul Teske, a associate professor Jody Fitzpatrick, and an assistant professor Gabriel Kaplan collaborated to create a paper on the access Americans have to qualityShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1476 Words Music is an immensely powerful tool in films, as it can underscore critical themes of a film in a melodious way and augment the emotion on screen. Songs can set the tone of a movie with or without lyrics. For example, the soundtrack of the 1977 film Saturday Night Fever includes groovy songs that complement the tone of the film. The suspenseful notes of the Jaws theme suggests that danger is approaching. The soundtrack to Baz Luhrman’s The Great Gatsby is a tasteful collection of songs from artists of different genres. Through this amalgamation of genres and lyrics, the integrity of the F. Scott Fitzgerald’s piece is well maintained. The events of The Great Gatsby took place during the summer of 1922, a time when American culture shifted dramatically. Strict societal standards set by previous generations faded away. A new, racy and reckless culture set in the city developed. The stock market boom allowed people to buy more goods, fueling their materialism. People such a s the main man of the novel, Jay Gatsby, would throw sumptuous parties with this extra money. His parties are quite the scene as Nick states that â€Å"by midnight the hilarity had increased...people were doing stunts all over the garden, while happy, vacuous bursts of laughter rose toward the summer sky.† (Fitzgerald 46) Gatsby’s parties are the Jennings 2 epitome of the recklessness of the Jazz Age. Will. i. Am’s â€Å"Bang Bang† and â€Å"A Little Party Never Killed Nobody† by Fergie, Goonrock, and Q-Tip are songs thatShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. 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Biography Writing Purpose, Criteria, and Rubric for Grades 7-12

The Philadelphia Museum Of Art Museum - 855 Words

The Philadelphia Museum of Art was my first time to an art museum, and overall I think it was a good experience. When I thought of an art museum, I thought it was going to be all paintings. But as it turns out, that idea was wrong. There were lots of other forms of art there as well. The exhibit that I enjoyed the most was the International Pop exhibit. But there were also many other exhibits that I enjoyed as well. Some of those include; European, American, Arms and Armor. All every interesting exhibits that everyone should see. But those are not all, when going to this museum, every exhibit should be looked at, all have very interesting things in them. The International pop exhibit was one of my favorite out of all the exhibits. The â€Å"International Pop navigates a fast-paced world packed with bold and thought-provoking imagery, revealing a vibrant period shaped by social, political, and cultural changes†. One piece of art that I found interesting was â€Å"Still Life† by â€Å"Tom Wesselmann, American, 1931–2004†. When looking at this piece if reminds me of different time. This piece reminds me of other art works that I have seen with the same kinds of things on it as well. Another work of art that I enjoyed was the â€Å"20th/21st-Century Tribute† by â€Å"Antà ´nio Henrique Amaral†, this painting makes the viewer actually stop and look at it. There are many different parts to this painting too look at. When walking through the museum, this was definitely something that catches ones’ eye.Show MoreRelated Philadelphia Art Museum Essay634 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The exhibit that I viewed at the Philadelphia Museum of Art was one about European Art between the years 1100-1500. This was a series of paintings, sculptures, architecture, and tapestry of the Medieval and Early Renaissance as well as objects from the Middle East. 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A journey to New Worlds originates The exhibition is magnificentRead MoreEssay about The Gross Clinic1867 Words   |  8 PagesThe Gross Clinic, by Thomas Eakins HA-314-801 The History of American Art â€Å"I never knew of but one artist, and this is Tom Eakins, who could resist the temptation to see what they think ought to be rather than what is.† – Walt Whitman Thomas Eakins, was one the most important painters of American Art History. He also was an photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. In this essay, you will explore his life, his works and one of his most famous paintings which considered shocking byRead MorePhiladelphi The United States1183 Words   |  5 PagesPhiladelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, and the core of the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Located in the Northeastern United States at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, Philadelphia is the economic and cultural center of the Delaware Valley. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love. The city is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania, andRead MoreThe Birth of Venus Anaylsis Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Ciera Callahan Art History II 10-20-13 Sfakianos The piece that I chose to write about is entitled The Birth of Venus and was painted by the French artist Nicolas Poussin. This painting was sold to Catherine the Great of Russia in 1771. It was sold another time by the Hermitage Museum in 1932 when the Soviet government was desperate for western currency. It was then that it was acquired for the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The painting was made in Italy in either the year 1635 or 1636. TheRead MoreRufino Tamayo Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Art is a means of expression that must be understood by everybody, everywhere. It grows out of the earth, the textures of our lives, and our experience† (Rufino Tamayo). Rufino Tamayo or full name Rufino Arellanes Tamayo was born on August 26, 1899. Rufino Tamayo was a Mexican painter that combined European painting styles with Mexican folk themes. As a painter, a sculptor Rufino Tamayo earned many levels of achievement and his painting have been showcased in many prestigiou s museums aroundRead MoreThe Ethical Issues That Plague The Art World932 Words   |  4 Pages What is visual art? Visual art refers to the expression of creativity through mixed media, installation art, paintings, and sculptures. Visual art is an important component of humanity because it evokes an emotional response from its viewers. An artist may be a child, a street bomber or me. A true artist has the ability to create and evoke an emotional connection with an individual or a group through a piece of art. Visual art involves a range of interpersonal and societal perceptions thatRead MoreLes Grands Boulevard And La Grande Jatte1161 Words   |  5 Pagesthe need to slow down and enjoy life. Les Grands Boulevards is a 20 1/2 x 25in. European oil on canvas painting created by Pierre-Auguste Renoir in 1875 during the impressionism movement (â€Å"Philadelphia Museum of Art†). The painting is currently housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art (â€Å"Philadelphia Museum of Art†). A Sunday on La Grande Jatte is another European oil on canvas painting. Georges Seurat started this painting in 1884 during the post impressionism movement and completed it in 1886 ( AboutRead MorePhiladelphia Museum : A Three Floored Building1173 Words   |  5 PagesPhiladelphia Museum, a three-floored building, has different artwork distributed chronologically, conceptually and according to nationality. The exhibitions are classified in different categories ranging from American Art, Asian art, European art, to Arms and armor, Prints drawing and photographs, Modern and contemporary art, Special Exhibitions, and Textiles. The ground floor is composed of two types of artwork: prints, drawing, and photography; specifically, the Honickman and Berman Galleries,Read MoreAnalysis Of John Sloan s Three Am Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagespainting on canvas. John Sloan describes the painting as a look at a â€Å"curious two room household† (Philadelphia Museum of Art - Collections Object: Three A.M.). I chose this painting because it reminded me of times I have shared with my best friend. The scene reminded me of the countless nights I have spent with my best friend in the kitchen baking cookies and gossiping. When I went to the museum, I was with my best friend and the first thing that came to mind when we saw this was, â€Å"This looks like

How The Constitution Should Be Interpreted What Effect...

Q: What is the role of the Roberts Court in light of current conditions in the 21st century in deciding how the Constitution should be interpreted? What effect does their powerful decisions have on America? T: What role the court chooses for itself in the unfolding of history is sometimes more important than the facts of the particular case at hand. Their power is so great and influential in nearly every major issue of our time that any way they fall on an important decision directly influences the course of American history. Context: 2014- This is during a time of great political and social divide in American culture. The clear rift in political thought and hard-lined party divisions described as â€Å"left† and â€Å"right† are becoming more†¦show more content†¦consensus view (178), Federalism (76). FAS 1: A case that fully displays the power of the court and the justice’s intentional role they choose to play in making history is National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, a.k.a. the Health Care Case regarding Obamacare. It brought attention to the fundamental difference in how the justices define liberty and its relation to American federalism as well as their uncertainty about how to best move forward. The dissent made their decision based on a libertarian standpoint that defines liberty as the absence of government, ruling that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) impressed on economic liberty by issuing a mandate that would force people to buy health insurance. The majority opinion, on the other hand, was made from a progressive standpoint grounded in the belief that â€Å"government is not only capable of enhancing freedom; government is essential to freedom† (70) and has a responsibility to provide positive rights such as health care. Chief Justice Roberts, the deciding vote on the matter, â€Å"walked a libertarian-inflected middle ground† (72). Criticized for ignoring the facts of the case and in effect re-writing the statute, he saved the bill by construing it as a tax rather than a mandate, despite the fact that Obama had publicly insisted that it was indeed not a tax. This was a highly contested decision that will go down in history as one of the most influential acts of his tenure on

The Evils of a Broken Bone Free Essays

Finally, the wait was over. Finally, after nine never-ending weeks, I could climb, swim, play, and once again partake in the numerous activities that fill the lives of six-year-old girls. The hard, bright orange constraint around my arm had been weighing down my life, and keeping me from being the carefree child that I knew should be. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evils of a Broken Bone or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, as I sat in the back seat of the car headed towards the doctor’s office, looking out the window at the soft snow, I knew this weight would be removed once and for all. I wondered what it would feel like to move my arm again, and I smiled at the thought of such freedom. I hadn’t been so free since that dreadful day nine weeks ago. Mrs. Thompson had just dismissed us for recess, and I sprinted through the doorway into the sunlight. The world was wonderfully bright with fall colors, and I ran out to the playground with the leaves crunching beneath my feet. I looked around the playground, trying to decide where I would play that day. Every piece of equipment was a colored a different vibrant shade. The blue monkey bars were closest to the school, with the yellow and orange wavy slides behind them. Then there were the green swings and the huge black tires sticking up from the ground. None of those things seemed very enjoyable to me, so after some consideration I walked over to the dome-shaped jungle gym to the left of the swings. It was huge, with shiny red bars criss-crossing like a spider’s web. I was feeling extra adventurous that day, and my goal for those twenty minutes of recess was to reach the top of the dome by climbing from the inside, suspended upside-down from my arms and legs. I stepped through the dome, grabbed on to one of the bars with my hands, and swung my body upward so that my feet were supported against one of the lower bars. I slowly began climbing, reaching up to the next highest bar with my right hand, and moving my right foot up to where it had been. Then the left side of my body followed suit. I continued this process until, sooner than I had expected, I had reached the very top of the dome, facing the bright blue sky and the clouds above. I moved my feet through the top bars and wrapped my knees around them. I decided to let go with my hands, so that I was simply hanging upside down from my knees. I looked down at the woodchips below; by this time they were a mile away. I tried not to get intimidated, and was sure I must be invincible if I’d made it this far, so I began to swing back and forth from my knees. I was having a wonderful time of it, but suddenly something wasn’t right. My mood changed from content to panicked when I swung too hard, my knees came loose from the bar, and I found myself plummeting face-first towards the ground. The woodchips below became more defined as they grew nearer and nearer, and I knew I would soon come into contact with them. I tried to break my fall with my arms, and when I hit the ground, I heard a loud crack as a sharp pain shot through my right arm. Tears welled up in my eyes as I looked at my arm. My wrist didn’t look quite straight and I couldn’t move it. Cradling my hurt arm with my healthy one, I walked over to the teacher who was nearby. I was determined to be a big girl, and, trying not to cry, I told her what had happened. She immediately helped me inside to the nurse’s office. That fifty yards to the nurse seemed like a thousand miles, and each step I took was more painful than the last. I didn’t understand what was happening. Why did it hurt my arm to put weight on my legs? As I reached the doorway to go inside, I sadly glanced over my shoulder to take one last look at my beloved playground. Suddenly it didn’t look as inviting as it always had. The bright colors had faded into dull and dreary in my mind’s eye. I had experienced countless joys on this playground; it was my friend that had always made sure I was happy and safe. At that moment I felt like my friend had betrayed me. I reached the nurse’s office in the school, and soon my mom was there to rush me to the hospital. When we got there, the emergency room was jam-packed. The waiting room was full of people with various problems, and nurses and doctors were frantically running around. Some of the other patients in the waiting room included an elderly lady in a wheel chair, a middle-aged man taking sharp intakes of breath, and a young man with a bleeding ankle. Why did everyone in the world choose this day to get injured? I needed the doctors to focus on me. In all I waited for about an hour. That hour was one of the worst I’ve been through. I still hadn’t had any pain reliever to speak of, and the pain in my arm was dull, agonizing, and unrelenting. At last, one of the nurses paid me some attention and gave me some thick, syrupy liquid pain reliever. She took me into a dark room and took an x-ray of my arm; it was confirmed that I had broken two bones in my forearm. The next thing that happened was excruciating. The doctor took me into a room without my parents, and explained that he needed to reset my arm since it was crooked. He flat out told me that this was going to hurt, and not just a little bit. I sat up on a table, and the doctor gave a hard yank on my wrist. I heard another crack! exactly like the one earlier that day, and agonizing pain again shot through my arm. The pain was unbearable, and this time I couldn’t keep back the tears. I couldn’t understand that the doctor was only trying to help me, and I was angry with him for prolonging my suffering instead of ending it. The worst was over†¦ at least as far as physical pain. I got my cast and was on the road to recovery, but the majority of the pain came after my arm stopped hurting. I was normally such a bright, happy, little girl; but with a broken arm I was constantly feeling sorry for myself. I kept asking God why I was the one who had to go through this. Why did I have to sit at home while my dad took my sister to the indoor pool? Why did I have to sit and watch while my friends played softball? I soon felt like my life and my freedom had been ripped away from me as soon as I heard that crack on the playground. This could never happen again. Nine weeks later, sitting in that waiting room, I thought to myself. My cast would be off in just a couple of minutes, and I would have my freedom back. But I couldn’t abuse that freedom. I would always be more careful now; I would never again subject myself to the evils of a broken bone. How to cite The Evils of a Broken Bone, Papers

Role Of The Emperor In Meiji Japan Essay Example For Students

Role Of The Emperor In Meiji Japan Essay Role of The Emperor in Meiji JapanJapan is a society whose culture is steeped in the traditions and symbols of the past: Mt. Fuji, the tea ceremony, and the sacred objects of nature revered in Shintoism. Two of the most important traditions and symbols in Japan; the Emperor and Confucianism have endured through Shogunates, restorations of imperial rule, and up to present day. The leaders of the Meiji Restoration used these traditions to gain control over Japan and further their goals of modernization. The Meiji leaders used the symbolism of the Emperor to add legitimacy to their government, by claiming that they were ruling under the Imperial Will. They also used Confucianism to maintain order and force the Japanese people to passively accept their rule. Japanese rulers historically have used the symbolism of the Imperial Institution to justify their rule. The symbolism of theJapanese Emperor is very powerful and is wrapped up in a mix of religion (Shintoism) and myths. According to Shintoism the current Emperor is the direct descendent of the Sun Goddess who formed the islands of Japan out of the Ocean in ancient times.Footnote1 According to these myths the Japanese Emperor unlike a King is a living descendent of the Gods and even today he is thought of as the High Priest of Shinto. Despite the powerful myths surrounding Japans imperial institution the Emperor has enjoyed only figure head status from 1176 on. At some points during this time the Emperor was reduced to selling calligraphy on the streets of Kyoto to support the imperial household, but usually the Emperor received money based on the kindness of the Shogunate.Footnote2 But despite this obvious power imbalance even the Tokugawa Shogun was at least symbolically below the Emperor in status and he claimed to rule so he could carry out the Imperial rule.Footnote3 Within this historical context the Meiji leaders realized that they needed to harness the concept of the Imperial Will inorder to govern effectively. In the years leading up to 1868 members of the Satsuma and Choshu clans were part of the imperialist opposition. This opposition claimed that the only way that Japan could survive the encroachment of the foreigners was to rally around the Emperor.Footnote4 The Imperialists, claimed that the Tokugawa Shogunate had lost its imperial mandate to carry out the Imperial Will because it had capitulated to Western powers by allowing them to open up Japan to trade. During this time the ideas of the imperialists gained increasing support among Japanese citizens and intellectuals who taught at newly established schools and wrote revisionist history books that claimed that historically the Emperor had been theruler of Japan.Footnote5 The fact that the Tokugawas policy of opening up Japan to the western world ran counter to the beliefs of the Emperor and was unpopular with the public made the Tokugawa vulnerable to attack from the imperialists. The imperialists pressed their attack both militarily and from within the Court of Kyoto. The great military regime of Edo which until recently had been all powerful was floundering not because of military weakness, or because the machinery of government had broken but instead because the Japanese public and the Shoguns supporters felt they had lost the Imperial Will.Footnote6 The end of the Tokugawa regime shows the power of the symbolism and myths surrounding the imperial institution. Thehead of the Tokugawa clan died in 1867 and was replaced by the son of a lord who was a champion of Japanese historical studies and who agreed with the imperialists claims about restoring the Emperor. .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 , .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 .postImageUrl , .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 , .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954:hover , .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954:visited , .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954:active { border:0!important; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954:active , .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954 .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a94057b7a07ecb31266982fdaa3a954:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Maus Essay Footnote7 So in 1868 the new shogun handed over all his power to the Emperor in Kyoto. Shortly after handing over power to the Emperor, the Emperor Komeo died and was replaced by his son who became the Meiji Emperor.Footnote8 Because the Meiji Emperor was only 15 all the power of the new restored Emperor fell not in his hands but instead in the hands of his close advisors. These advisers such as PrinceSaionji, Prince Konroe, and members of the Satsuma and Choshu clans who had been members of the imperialist movement eventually wound up involving into the Meiji Bureaucracy and Genro of the

Labelling Theory Essays - Criminology, Labeling Theory,

Labelling Theory Deviance, like beauty, is in the eyes of the beholder. There is nothing inherently deviant in any human act, something is deviant only because some people have been successful in labelling it so. J. L Simmons The definition of the situation implies that if you define a situation as real, it is real only in its consequences. INTRODUCTION Labelling theory, stemming from the influences of Cooley, Mead, Tannenbaum, and Lemert, has its origins somewhere within the context of the twentieth century. However, Edwin Lemert is widely considered the producer and founder of the original version of labelling theory. This paper, not a summary, provides a brief history of labelling theory, as well as, its role in the sociology of deviance. It attempts to explore the contributions made by labelling theorists, the criticism towards labelling theorists, and the discussion surrounding its reality as an actual theory. In essence, the main focus of this paper besides proving an understanding of Howard Becker, is to describe and evaluate `labelling theory` to the study of crime and deviance, by way of an in depth discussion. THEORETICAL IMAGES The theoretical study of societal reaction to deviance has been carried out under different names, such as, labelling theory, interactionist perspective, and the social constructionist perspective. In the sociology of deviance, the labelling theory of deviant behaviour is often used interchangeably with the societal reaction theory of deviancy. As a matter of fact, both phrases point equally to the fact that sociological explanations of deviance function as a product of social control rather than a product of psychology or genetic inheritance. Some sociologists would explain deviance by accepting without question definitions of deviance and concerning themselves with primary aetiology. However, labelling theorists stress the point of seeing deviance from the viewpoint of the deviant individual. They claim that when a person becomes known as a deviant, and is ascribed deviant behaviour patterns, it is as much, if not more, to do with the way they have been stigmatized, then the devian t act they are said to have committed. In addition, Howard S. Becker (1963), one of the earlier interaction theorists, claimed that, social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitute deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders. Furthermore, the labelling theoretical approach to deviance concentrates on the social reaction to deviance committed by individuals, as well as, the interaction processes leading up to the labelling. INFLUENCES Labelling theory was significantly influenced by the Chicago School and Symbolic Interactionism. The sociology department in the University of Chicago is where early labelling theorists received their graduate training. These theorists were trained in terms of symbolic interaction and specific methods of participatory field research. The symbolic interaction theory exposed early theorists to the study of social interaction, as well as, the interpretation of society from the actor's point of view. Everett Hughes and Alvin Gouldner were two of the earliest theorists to train at the Chicago School. However, the foundations of this view of deviance were said to have been first established by Edwin Lemert (1951) and were subsequently developed by Howard S. Becker (1963). As a matter of fact, labelling theory has subsequently become a dominant paradigm in the explanation of deviance. Furthermore, the symbolic interaction perspective was extremely active in the early foundations of labellin g theory. Labelling theory is constituted essentially by two propositions. The first is that deviant behaviour is to be seen not simply as the violation of a norm, but as any behaviour which is successfully defined or labelled as deviant. The deviance does not inhere in the act itself but in the response of others to that act. In other words, the deviance is said to be in the eye of the beholder. The second proposition claims that labelling produces or amplifies deviance. The deviant's response to societal reaction leads to secondary deviation by which the deviant comes to accept a self-image or self-definition as someone who is permanently locked within a deviant role. Furthermore, the distinctiveness of the approach is that it draws attention to deviance as the outcome of social imputations and the exercise of social control. Labelling theory is very complex, making it quite different than other theories. Instead of looking

Family Law Essay Topics

Family Law Essay TopicsIf you are planning on writing a family law essay, it is essential that you choose your topic carefully. It is very important that you think things through before you write about them. This will ensure that your family law essay topics are not full of inappropriate and unsavory information.First off, you need to ensure that you are submitting the essay to a law school. So, the legal terms used in the essay must be legal ones. Using terms that are not legal may disqualify you from the program. It is also best if you use a topic that you feel comfortable discussing, or one that you know a lot about.Secondly, it is important that you make the topic as interesting as possible. You will have to create a topic that will make you think. Familiarize yourself with the subject matter, and get the facts straight. If the topic is rather dull, chances are the court clerks or judges are too, so it may not be a good topic for you.It is also important that you know the basics of the subject matter at the law school that you want to apply to. You should research the type of court that you will be working in and how much the salary is. It is best if you know something about the courts in your area or have researched them before applying.The essays should have good grammar and spelling. You may want to find out more about the types of courts and judges, the case law, and other details of the topic. This will help you create your topics and help your essay stand out. Also, if the essay has poor grammar, it will reflect poorly on your whole resume.Family law essay topics can be a bit boring. You should consider finding topics that you find interesting. There are plenty of different subjects to choose from, and it may not be a problem if you don't feel like writing about a certain topic.The truth is that writing about legal topics and information is not always an easy task. It is important that you have the right knowledge, information, and facts at your dispo sal. Knowing what questions to ask is also important, as well as researching to ensure that the information you are using to write about the topic is accurate.

About Native American Society

About Native American Society Free Online Research Papers It was from the time of the Stone Age and until the meeting with Europeans, the original settlers in North America lived mainly as hunters and gatherers. During the earliest times, i.e. the Stone Age, the North American settlers had the same culture as did other people living in the north. However, after some time, ecological changes led to cultural changes as well, when around 20,000 years ago, groups of people moved to lower areas of North America and settled there. These groups started sharing distinct cultures which were in line with their environment and surroundings. As culture evolved and ways of life changed, the traditional religious practices were still followed. The different Native American communities all had their own separate worldview, distinct myths, conducted its own rituals, and acted according to its basic values. When the religious beliefs of North American settlers were being documented, a number of key observations were made: these natives were very interested in the cycles of nature; they believed that all beings were alive; they thought they could control cosmic powers, they relied a lot on shamans who were religious specialists and they believed that religion and economics could be looked at in the same light. (â€Å"The Pages of Shades – Native Americans†) Religion: Native American religion is very unlike conventional religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam in the sense that it has no single founder. It is not a story of people with a strong religious background. It is not ancient and adaptable to today’s contemporary times. Precisely speaking, there is not even a single religious expression which is the same for all the 250 prominent Native American communities present today. These people have no idea how their ancestors practiced religion in historic times. War ravage and destruction broke the chain, and today, Native Americans who want to know their religious background often have to resort to anthropologists for information (Native American Religion, 2004). In this paper, we attempt to look at some facets of Native American religion as could be found through various sources. Special emphasis is laid on the role of women in Native American society and its religious practices. Union with the Spirit: Traditional Native Americans drew no boundary between the non-spiritual and the spiritual. For them, every act was sacred and had connection with Spirit. If for example, hunters are hunting down animals, this is a form of dialogue that the hunter is carrying out with the spirit of the animal. Similarly, agriculture is a means of revering the spirits of the plants and the fruitfulness of the earth. Hence, every act is an act of spirituality, with every act being given the status of a spiritual ritual. This can be explained by the fact that Native Americans considered that the world of spirit and the world of physical appearances closely exist, and connect at many points, having very little distance between them. For them, whatever happens in this world has an impact on the spirit world and vice versa. The Hopi community practices rituals like the Niman Kachina, where men adorn wooden likenesses of the spirit-kachinas and play out their return to their homeland, causing the land to bask in the good fortune and rain they bring with them. For these dancers, performing dance rituals like the above are ways to walk in both worlds at the same time. Dance is very similar to everyday life in the sense that the sacred and the non-spiritual frequently overlap. There is no distinction. Religion and life are believed to be one thing. The hunter who apologizes to the spirit of the deer he just hunted, the Southeastern peoples ‘going to water’ are all ways to climb the line between the two worlds. For the Native Americans, any act they do can become a variation of a spirit dance between the person and the object acted upon (Ruvolo, 2004; Native American Religion, 2004). Sacred Stories and History: Whenever the religious stories of these people are read, it is observed that there is mention of two kinds of time: one is a time before time when things are not as they are here, and the other is historical time, which is about the same as modern life. In mythic time, there is no boundary between the spirit and physical worlds. There is regular spiritual interaction with humans who are visited by spirits daily. These spirits can both help as well as harm. Humans who wanted to explore their spirituality more are called shamans and they frequently visit spirit realms. A number of stories are part of this time, such as the Native American creation stories, migration narratives, and stories of the heroes in Native American culture. Story telling is a common activity for Native Americans for whom it dissolves boundaries and removes distances. When they enact these stories time and again, they become a way to overlap the spiritual and non-spiritual world. When they smoke the Lakota pipe, they believe that the spirit of its giver (White Buffalo Calf Woman) has joined them, and engulfed them in a connection with nature. The Iroquois people believe that the ritual of wearing a mask with the likeness of the Great Defender is beneficial for healing the sick, and brings the healing power of the humpbacked one into the sickroom. Female figures have a strong presence in Native American narratives which often become the basis for rituals as ones mentioned above. There exist stories in which women are the key actors in the creation of the earth and the people. These female figures come to the world, albeit in different forms, with the purpose of inventing the life that the people will live, and these stories include women as main players in the formation of the people. The creation of the people has a well-defined relationship with native women. The Native Americans of the Southwest and the Plains are instructed by female powers on how to live properly, how to co-exist peacefully and how to treat nature. How the people are supposed to behave in sacred rituals and ceremonies as according to ancient mythology is also explained by powerful female figures. Characters like the White Buffalo Woman (who gifted the Lakota with the sacred pipe standing for the essence of life) are common. The White Buffalo Woman is an especially revered religious personality as she instructed the people on how they should treat all human beings with respect (Native American Spirituality, 2004). The female figures might be present in the stories and rituals as powerful figures, but this power has been incorporated in the daily lives of the Native American people. This is in the form of the women’s capacity of childbearing. In native societies, the woman’s ability to bear children is considered the source from which woman derives her ultimate power. Since women had a key role in the creation of people, this is mirrored by her ability today to being life into this world. Men might seek power from rituals and ceremonies, women do not have to strive so, and their power is their key role in sustaining generations. This is a way in which the Native American society is similar to other nations: woman is considered child bearer, nurturer and food producer in many cultures (Bales, 1996). Experience in Native American Religion: The Native American religion greatly valued the personal experience with the Spirit. A practice called the vision quest was the most common form of such individual experiences. In some cultures, the priest was the ultimate authority on religion and provided guidance, often even serving as intermediaries between people and Spirit in major religious festivals. Visions were usually not something that ordinary people referred to. Shamans were usually the people who embarked mostly on vision quests, but in all, societies where priest were given lesser importance, individual encounters with Spirit were highly emphasized. The vision quest was a basically a planned search for a vision within oneself. People in the pre-Columbian Native America and even to some extent in the Southwest and Southeast practiced this. At its fundamental, a person would stand alone in the wilderness. He would fast for a number of days and seek some spiritual power or his own vision for life. In a lot of societies, this ritual was considered compulsory for a youth on his way to adulthood. Boys usually went on these quests, however, some societies allowed girls to as well. This quest was also considered crucial for young men training to be warriors as it was believed that unless the men had spirit guardians, they would not survive many battles. The unification of people was also a key element of Native American rituals. The community would bond together in common religious experience through these. For example, the Iroquois peoples of the Eastern Woodlands would hold community ceremonies in the spring and fall of every year. In these ceremonies, the leaders would be the wooden-masked impersonators of the spirit who prevents disease from disrupting people’s lives, and this ceremony would serve to drive all disease away. The Green corn ceremony is also worth pointing out as in these rituals, people purified themselves, cleaned their houses, fasted and prayed, and burnt the first ears of green corn in the fire. This served to seek the Spirits blessing for a healthy harvest (Native American Religion, 2004; Awiakta, 1993). Role of Women: Native American societies did not simply make their women serve them as homemakers and child bearers. Rather, they served as diplomats, politicians and arbiters. However, when these societies had an encounter with the Europeans, a lot of things changed. The Europeans generally did not pay much attention to native women and did not consider them to have a role in social and public life. They also projected their opposition to native beliefs and culture by excluding women from arbitration or council meetings. Land was considered by the natives to be of equal value as the use derived fro it but when land had to be transferred, women’s input had to be sought otherwise the transaction was not believed to be ethical. Hence, upon European contact, when land became a commodity, the Europeans generally disregarded native women and their roles and status in native society. Europeans changed gender roles as well with the transference of ownership of land. Europeans and Euro-Americans dis regarded women’s participation in their own societies and further displaced the importance of their roles as successful cultivators and cultural mediators (Velasco, 1997). As the U.S government tried to integrate the Native Americans with the contemporary American culture, the native men were given smaller pieces of land and expected to continue their agricultural activities. This was a situation of drastic change for native men. The duties that had become second nature for them like hunting and participating in warfare were no longer expected of them by society. This mirrored a pronounced change in gender roles and relations, as they became more aligned to those of white society. While both genders had to get used to changes, the women could still carry on doing what they had been doing all their lives. The men became engrossed in agriculture, and the women continued basket making, pottery, homemaking and childbearing within the range of their expertise (Underhill, 1979). During the late twentieth century, the Native American women have undergone the most changes in terms of their gender roles and status within society. They have become involved in numerous movements to reclaim landscape and cultural artifacts for all Native Americans. For example, the campaign to remove the word, â€Å"squaw,† from the names of national places is such a movement. ‘Squaw’ is a disparaging designation for an Indian woman. The leaders of this campaign are targeting areas such as the Squaw Valley in California, Squaw Peak in Arizona, Squaw Lake Village in Minnesota and more than 1,000 other sites. Other campaigns which these women have taken on include ones at Big Mountain and Black Mesa in Arizona. Women like the Hopi and Navajo Grandmothers are protesting against the removal of the people from their homelands, as they believe that this removal will result in the devastation of subsistence patterns the peoples of the Southwest have been following for centuries (Allen, 1991; Eargle, 1986). Research Papers on About Native American SocietyCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and Canada

MONROE Surname Meaning and Family History

MONROE Surname Meaning and Family History Monroe is a Scots Gaelic surname meaning from the mouth of the river. From bun, meaning mouth of and roe, meaning a river. In Gaelic the b often becomes an m - hence the surname MONROE. Surname Origin: Scottish, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MUNROE, MUNROSE, MONRO, MUNRO, MUNREE Famous People with the MONROESurname James Monroe  - 5th president of the United StatesMarilyn Monroe -  American actress (born  Norma Jeane Mortenson)Vaughn Monroe  - American singer, trumpeter and big band leaderBill Monroe - American musicianAlan H. Monroe  - professor; creator of Monroes motivated sequence Where is the MONROESurname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Monroe surname is most common in the United States, where it is popular throughout the nation. It is found in greatest numbers in some of the largest states by population, including Texas, California and New York, as well as North Carolina and Florida. WorldNames PublicProfiler  also identifies Monroe as most common in the United States, including the District of Columbia, North Carolina, Indiana, Alaska, Louisiana, Virginia, Kentucky, Idaho, Michigan and Mississippi. Genealogy Resources for the Surname MONROE Meanings of Common Scottish  SurnamesUncover the meaning of your Scottish last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common surnames from Scotland. Monroe  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Monroe  family crest or coat of arms for the Monroe surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Munro DNA Surname ProjectIndividuals with the Munro surname and variations such as Monroe  are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Monroe family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. MONROE  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Monroe  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - MONROE  GenealogyExplore over 1.3  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Monroe  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MONROE  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Monroe  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - MONROE  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Monroe. GeneaNet - Monroe  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Monroe  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Monroe  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Monroe  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Education in South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Education in South Korea - Essay Example Yet, in this period, it has taken a back seat to short-term needs in investment priorities and has failed to receive support. Educational reform does not only entail designing a reform plan but also providing administrative/financial help and the government’s active interest and investment to support it. In an interview of two tutors fully involved in the Korean education system, it reveals many problems as well as some of the recommendations, which should be accorded to the Korean education system (OECD 2005, 38). Recommendations if implemented can achieve a perfect education system, which does not only give a burden to the parents but is also fair to the whole population. In terms of education, Korea leads in having best education parents spend. Korean parents want the best for their children and, therefore, spend a fortune just to ensure the children get the best. The wife to one of the tutors is not in the country with the children but is in the US where the children are r eceiving their education a sign that the Korean does not trust the education system of Korea themselves (Seth 2010, 195) Historically, both large and small Korean educational reforms have been already implemented. Korea is not alone in undertaking educational reform; many countries are reforming their educational systems. Educational reforms targeting the 2000s began in the early 1980s, and advanced countries tended to put a top priority on it. According to him, scientific writing and parents’ great zeal for children’s education gave the people the world’s lowest illiteracy rate and high mathematical ability, leading to the strongest competitive advantage in a labour-intensive industry,... This essay approves that the Korean educational system is now in crisis. Unfortunately, the government’s educational reforms offer no hope. Instead, students are alienated from their schools, while teachers lose their pride and happiness in teaching or are the target of reform from a low-ranking government employee. In addition, parents, who harbour great anxiety about their children’s happiness, are worried and confused, due to communications gaps and their own poor schooling. Worst of all, poor students and their parents, who should receive support from their country and society, are now being devastated by an increasingly unfair educational structure. This report makes a conclusion that education is a tool for improving society education is a process of forming a desirable human and making his or her personal, family, and social lives happy and valuable, as the individual pursues social development. All activities, organisations, and operations in education should be conducted to meet the purpose of education, or to establish an ideal human quality. Education makes a person more human-like and desirable to a society and a nation. Based on a democratic constitution designed to make people and society happy, while respecting the freedom, equality, and creativity of each person and helping them to exhibit their best competencies under equally given opportunities, education begins in most nations with free and mandatory elementary school. This is enforced through education laws, which preserve the education system and its operation.

Environmental Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Environmental Education - Essay Example Is it of any good to our children and adults or rather how is it affecting them both positively and negatively? Why is environmental education lacking? What type of curriculum is needed and why? What are the precautions and strategies that need to be implemented or put in place to ensure that our environment is taken care of? Of what good will it bring to our generation to come? What is the philosophy behind this educational approach? And finally, do ethics play a role in education? These and many more will be featured in our research project. The first question that rings in our mind is the meaning of the word environment. Environment is a very broad terminology that is taken to mean generally the flora and fauna (Trees and animals). Environment entails trees, animals, air, waters, the soil (earth) and even people. It is in the broader sense of the word everything that there is in the Universe that supports life is what we call our environment. Forests for instance contribute to a greater amount of our environment without forgetting the animals. In short therefore, environment is our surroundings. Environmental Education is generally making people aware of the environment. It is the integration of what is learned in class in relation to our environment. Or rather put it this way that environmental education is the incorporation of both the materials acquired in classroom and then apply them to the environment. It is about informing the Citizens about the beauty, the love, the goodness, the friendship, and the values of always ensuring the safety of where we live. It is all about keeping the good relationship between ourselves and the place in which we live; and these can be achieved through ensuring that our environment is always clean. In short, this is a call for the virtue of responsibility. However, let us first look at the current environmental educational system in the USA. The culture here considers every aspect of our

J.B.Priestley’s play, An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

English Coursework - An Inspector Calls. After the inspector leaves, The Birling’s discuss the night’s events. They go into a stage of blaming each-other for Eva Smith’s death, pushing the guilt onto one-another. Mr. Birling still does not have his priorities straight as the first thing that initially springs to his mind is that fact that the families reputation will go down the drain if any of the information they gave out will be found out by the public. He claimed that ‘There’ll be a public scandal.’ He was certain that he was going to get a ‘knighthood in the next honours list’. In response to his father’s attitude, Eric is unconcerned about what the public will think, but more concerned about what went on that night. Mister and Mrs Birling don’t want to admit to themselves that they played any part in the girl’s death, and keep twisting the subject to point the blame back to Eric. Eric informed his parents ‘Well, I don’t blame you. But don’t forget I’m ashamed of you as well- yes both of you.’ He is openly admitting that he has done wrong, but thinks that it is unfair to take all the responsibility for the death of the girl. Here again, his Father was steering the blame away from them by saying ‘There's every excuse for what both your mother and I did- it turned out unfortunately, that’s all’. This is a gutless attitude for them to have considering how they were feeling before the inspector left them. Sheila was quiet up until this. Sheila is on Eric’s side and openly admitted that she behaved badly, but she then pointed out that they were pretending that nothing much has happened. It is here when Eric reminds his father of what he had told himself and Gerald earlier that evening just before the inspector had arrived- ‘A man has to make his own way, look after himself and mind his own business, and that we weren’t to take any notice of these cranks who tells us that everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together’. Thinking about this, the Birling’s begin to have doubts as to whether the inspector is in fact, an inspector. It seemed too ironic that an inspector would walk in at that moment. Sheila described it as being ‘very queer’. She then quoted ‘it doesn’t much matter now’ how ever mister Birling disagrees as it matters ‘a devil of a lot to him’. He is relieved that there is still hope that his reputation is not at stake, and let off the hook

A case study of clothes R Us Essay

Introduction Clothes R Us opened its doors and began operations more than a decade ago.   When the company first opened, the founders and CEOs were on the floor trying to sell to customers their various clothes and designs. The clothes came with economized prices, saved customers time that would have been spent looking for the right attire and in so doing make the customer’s lives less complicated. The store has grown so much in the past decade, to become a major supplier chain that is not only nationally recognized but also globally renowned. The phenomenal growth comes with even higher growth in terms of annual sales and income. The company has surprisingly continues to maintain some sort of loose human resource strategy. Managers have paid little attention towards restructuring the human resource and monitoring of performance especially when it comes to fixed employees. Lack of a centralized system to control and manage the departments’ means that there are no specific details on the performance of employees.   Clothes R us has operated with a decentralized, freewheeling culture in which each store manager has treated his or her own employees as some kind of personal kingdom in which the manager has the right to control their recruitment and performance as they see fit. Majority of the full time sales people have college degrees in addition to vast experience in their area of specialization. However, there is continued discontent with the reliance on casual employees.   The origin of the problem stemmed from the early days when the company required cheap labor. Unfortunately, the continued reliance on casual employees has caused demoralization among the permanent employees. A company that was seeing much growth in the past is not facing a crisis in human resource. Defining the problem Even with various strategies coming to play to ensure that the company does not run out of required manpower, these will only be effective if the permanent employees are motivated to perform at a much higher level.   Clothes R US is only starting to realize the importance of a motivated work force. The challenge comes in ensuring and maintain the motivation of employees.   Continued reliance on casual employees has restrained the flexibility of the permanent employees. Employees lack the opportunity to be independent. Casual employees take up roles that would require creative management and skills; as such the company is now suffering from the existence of a dull work force. Managers have been slow in understanding, how flexibility motivates the employees.   Flexibility is not just in items of duties but also in terms of the work hours and even the work place. A common quote is that change is as good as a rest. Professional human resource consultants often advice companies to ensure that employees have a variety of talents, shifts and even work desks. The change often serves to make the job seem new and therefore motivate the employee.   Poor motivation also means high turnover of the employees. Low confidence:   confidence is a character that lays down the foundation of employee motivation. It is important for employees to feel they not only have the skills but also the know how to deal with various challenges at the work place. Since, Clothes R US focuses more on employing temporarily employees to manage simple tasks; employees are fast losing confidence in their ability to perform. With the planned expansion, the company is now facing a crisis. Employees are unwilling to leave their comfort zones, unwilling to volunteer for the new project and even opting for increased turn over.   Because majority of the employees in the company exhibit low self esteem, they are unable to make use of their skills and talents. Further, they are completely unable to form positive work relationships. This means that they are less than loyal to the company and thus more likely to seek other employment even when they are earning less. It is not surprising therefore to find that employees of cloths R US are always finding excuses as to why they are not performing, why the company is not growing rather than enhancing their own skills to ensure better performance.   The company is currently having a permanent work force suffering from low self esteem. Lowered expectations: one of the main drawbacks of relying on current and contingent employees is that the performance levels and expectations of success have been lowered in the company. It is therefore not surprising to find that the permanent employees only do as much as is expected of them to meet their own duties. The permanent employees do not push themselves or even apply themselves wholeheartedly and diligently to their jobs. The company low expectations have served to kill employee morale to do better and better at each task. Instead, employees report to work, do the minimum and leave the rest to the casual employees. Contingency syndrome: contingency workers often provide an advantage to employers. Clothes R US began taking advantage of this group of worker during the early years of expansion. Contingency workers do not expect benefits and are often paid much less than permanent workers. They are given challenging tasks which would otherwise cost the company in terms of training permanent employees to ensure they have the skills to complete the job.   Unfortunately, the increase of contingency workers in the company has had a negative impact. Contingency workers tend to bring restlessness in permanent employees who are convinced that life could get better and more interesting outside the company. Further, contingency workers do not posses the security and stability of permanent employees; they therefore lack commitment to the job which tends to rub off on permanent employees. They prefer the freedom of their temporary status and often seem to be highly compensated for simple tasks. This situation is likely to de-motivate the permanent employees in addition to causing conflict and strain with the other employees. With time, the permanent employees begin to lose interest in particular tasks foe which they feel they should also be compensated and rewarded. Legal implications Change in organization structure: a move or expansion of Clothes R US not only affects the location of the business but also the organization and business structure. Managers will need to sit down and re-define jobs and responsibilities to accommodate the new store. This also means determining the methods through which the stores will receive their inventory and distribute the same. As a registered business, the company will need to report the change in structure. Gopal (2008) indicates that this is a step that is often over-looked during expansion and which could prove slightly more than costly to the new venture. Registered businesses need to record such changes and report them to the registrar of businesses for their own protection. Should a dispute arise, the company will turn to the changes recorded with the registrar and this is what will be used to determine the direction of the case. Business licenses: although the new store will be operating as a franchise of the main store, it is important to note that licenses will be required for this particular business. This includes licenses to operate in Sheffield, and also distribute items in Sheffield. Lack of a license is considered fraud and could land senior managers and the business itself in a lot of legal problems. In addition, the business will require a tax registration. Many business owners assume that the new venture will operate with the same tax registration. However, according to the law, both businesses are separate ventures and require individual tax registration licenses. Zoning requirements: although there are several clothing and fashion businesses operating in Sheffield, before opening the store it is important to research and find out some of the zoning requirements. To avoid congestion zoning laws are changed frequently. Should such law take effect before the opening of the business, it is likely that the same business could be closed before taking off. Non- disclosure: being in a volatile industry such as fashion and clothing; the company has expanded very fast. With a high turnover of employees, it is not surprising that many other businesses with almost similar structure including marketing and customer relationship are being set up.   This exposure is a result of ignoring the importance of a non-disclosure agreement with all employees. Confidential information is leaked, former employees set up competing shops all because the non- disclosure is ignored, (Dessler 2000). From here on henceforth all employees permanent and contingent should sign non-disclosure agreements prepared by the legal departments and carefully structured for the company needs. Non- disclosure agreements are not just for the employees but also other stakeholders who come into contact with the company. This includes suppliers who may be tempted to contact competitors with sensitive information that could earn them a good and better profit. This means that all contracts must include a tight and binding non- disclosure agreement. This reduces the exposure of the company and gives a chance to legally fight any exposure by stakeholders, suppliers and employees (former and present) successfully. Maintaining healthy relationships During a move such as is planned by Clothes R US, the company often ignores the needs of the human resource or does not adequately address such needs. A move and expansion such as this one is likely to bring feelings of anxiety or apprehension. If such feelings are not properly addressed, the employees will become less than motivated and conflict levels may arise. The following are some of the strategies which could be employed to ensure a healthy relationship during the move: Communication: the communication channels between employees and senior managers of Cloths are US have not always been open. Employees are often in the dark about exactly what is happening to the company. Of course, this is because managers have been plagued with the disease of contingent workers. During this move, it would be advisable for the managers to be open and develop an open door policy with regard to issues facing the company and assisting employees manage the challenges they are facing.   Through proper and good communication, senior managers of the company can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their own employees. It may also be surprising to learn that some employees possess talent, skills and information that would not only make the move much easier bust also more profitable to the company. Empowerment: employees of Clothes R Us have suffered from lack of empowerment. This has led to lowered performance and serious problems in motivation. The moving period is an ideal opportunity to empower the permanent employees by providing them with unique tasks cultured for their own training and set of skills. This will give employees an opportunity to become more involved and therefore foster commitment to the project. Mathis and Jackson (2003), state that In addition, empowerment will free managers to focus on the bigger tasks rather than sweating the details. This is a great opportunity for employees to test their own abilities and creativity in dealing with the challenges that come forth. The result is a much more motivated and high skilled set of workers who are committed to the project fully. It is time for the senior managers to trust their own employees. Groups and Teams: the company definitely requires some form of synergy in the work force. This could be easily achieved by relying on groups and teams. In teams, members are expected to communicate, bounce ideas around and correct each other’s mistakes. The result is that there is a diverse set of knowledge. Further, tasks are completed as a team fostering healthy and positive relationships which have been lacking within the company. According to Jeffs (2008), to enjoy the full fruits of groups and teams, the managers have the responsibility of ensuring that the teams are composed of members with complimentary knowledge, skills and characters. This reduces the amount of conflict that could be experienced and promotes more positive forms of challenging each other. The groups also need to enjoy some sort of autonomy with minimum supervision so that the members enjoy the freedom of decision making.   The teams in themselves are leaders, coaches and guides in the tasks that are. Recommendations The problems faced by Clothes R US can be resolved simply though the three components of the expectancy theory by Vroom Victor. His theory suggests that when employees believe that high efforts are often met with high rewards, they become more motivated. The components of such motivation are: Increasing expectancy: employees of the company have been suffering from low expectations, a situation that has been brought on by increased reliance of young, temporary workers. Senior managers have an opportunity to communicate that high efforts will lead to great rewards for permanent employees. Based on this, employees need to be challenged to take up challenging tasks, the success of which will be increased rewards. It is the success in such tasks whether in a team or individually that are likely to increase the level of expectancy.   For workers to have the confidence to take up such challenging tasks, they may require extra training and team building activities that will give them the confidence. Increasing instrumentality: managers at Clothes R US have ignored and barely understand the importance of instrumentality to increasing employee motivation. Instrumentality speaks to the employee’s perception about the extent to which performance within certain tasks will lead to desired goals and results. Such goals include, increased pay, job security and the chance to undertake more interesting and captivating projects.   Instrumentality can be achieved simply though the expansion of job duties and flexibility of job titles which allow employees to test their own abilities and talents. For example, should the company link pay rises to performance; there will be increased instrumentation and as such more motivation not just to work but to excel at work. This will also deal with the issue of increased turn over. Increasing valence: expectancy theory acknowledges that when it comes to goals and outcomes, people are different. Whereas some workers may respond to pay increase, others are more interested in challenging tasks and projects. Valence therefore addresses how each of the outcomes appears to employees. Senior managers will not just throw in what they think will be attractive to employees. Rather, they will take time to understand the work force and appeal to their own variety of desires, goals and needs. A key challenge for the managers of Clothes R US, is finding the right pattern of motivation while at the same time trying to expand the scope of the business. No matter how many desirable outcomes the managers present to the employees, if they continue to feel that temporary workers can do better than motivation will go down, (David 2005).   This means scaling down on the contingent workers and relying more and more on the permanent employees. The company has the challenge of brining back confidence to its workers. This means focusing on diversity in the job specifications and ensuring flexibility in the tasks assigned to the work force. References David, F. R. (2005).  Strategic management: Concepts and cases. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall. Dessler, G. (2000).  Human resource management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Gopal, C. C. R. (2008).  Business legislation (textbook with suggested answers). New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Jeffs, C. (2008).  Strategic management. Los Angeles: SAGE. Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2003).  Human resource management. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-western.    A case study of clothes R Us Essay Introduction Clothes R Us opened its doors and began operations more than a decade ago.   When the company first opened, the founders and CEOs were on the floor trying to sell to customers their various clothes and designs. The clothes came with economized prices, saved customers time that would have been spent looking for the right attire and in so doing make the customer’s lives less complicated. The store has grown so much in the past decade, to become a major supplier chain that is not only nationally recognized but also globally renowned. The phenomenal growth comes with even higher growth in terms of annual sales and income. The company has surprisingly continues to maintain some sort of loose human resource strategy. Managers have paid little attention towards restructuring the human resource and monitoring of performance especially when it comes to fixed employees. Lack of a centralized system to control and manage the departments’ means that there are no specific details on the performance of employees.   Clothes R us has operated with a decentralized, freewheeling culture in which each store manager has treated his or her own employees as some kind of personal kingdom in which the manager has the right to control their recruitment and performance as they see fit. Majority of the full time sales people have college degrees in addition to vast experience in their area of specialization. However, there is continued discontent with the reliance on casual employees.   The origin of the problem stemmed from the early days when the company required cheap labor. Unfortunately, the continued reliance on casual employees has caused demoralization among the permanent employees. A company that was seeing much growth in the past is not facing a crisis in human resource. Defining the problem Even with various strategies coming to play to ensure that the company does not run out of required manpower, these will only be effective if the permanent employees are motivated to perform at a much higher level.   Clothes R US is only starting to realize the importance of a motivated work force. The challenge comes in ensuring and maintain the motivation of employees.   Continued reliance on casual employees has restrained the flexibility of the permanent employees. Employees lack the opportunity to be independent. Casual employees take up roles that would require creative management and skills; as such the company is now suffering from the existence of a dull work force. Managers have been slow in understanding, how flexibility motivates the employees.   Flexibility is not just in items of duties but also in terms of the work hours and even the work place. A common quote is that change is as good as a rest. Professional human resource consultants often advice companies to ensure that employees have a variety of talents, shifts and even work desks. The change often serves to make the job seem new and therefore motivate the employee.   Poor motivation also means high turnover of the employees. Low confidence:   confidence is a character that lays down the foundation of employee motivation. It is important for employees to feel they not only have the skills but also the know how to deal with various challenges at the work place. Since, Clothes R US focuses more on employing temporarily employees to manage simple tasks; employees are fast losing confidence in their ability to perform. With the planned expansion, the company is now facing a crisis. Employees are unwilling to leave their comfort zones, unwilling to volunteer for the new project and even opting for increased turn over.   Because majority of the employees in the company exhibit low self esteem, they are unable to make use of their skills and talents. Further, they are completely unable to form positive work relationships. This means that they are less than loyal to the company and thus more likely to seek other employment even when they are earning less. It is not surprising therefore to find that employees of cloths R US are always finding excuses as to why they are not performing, why the company is not growing rather than enhancing their own skills to ensure better performance.   The company is currently having a permanent work force suffering from low self esteem. Lowered expectations: one of the main drawbacks of relying on current and contingent employees is that the performance levels and expectations of success have been lowered in the company. It is therefore not surprising to find that the permanent employees only do as much as is expected of them to meet their own duties. The permanent employees do not push themselves or even apply themselves wholeheartedly and diligently to their jobs. The company low expectations have served to kill employee morale to do better and better at each task. Instead, employees report to work, do the minimum and leave the rest to the casual employees. Contingency syndrome: contingency workers often provide an advantage to employers. Clothes R US began taking advantage of this group of worker during the early years of expansion. Contingency workers do not expect benefits and are often paid much less than permanent workers. They are given challenging tasks which would otherwise cost the company in terms of training permanent employees to ensure they have the skills to complete the job.   Unfortunately, the increase of contingency workers in the company has had a negative impact. Contingency workers tend to bring restlessness in permanent employees who are convinced that life could get better and more interesting outside the company. Further, contingency workers do not posses the security and stability of permanent employees; they therefore lack commitment to the job which tends to rub off on permanent employees. They prefer the freedom of their temporary status and often seem to be highly compensated for simple tasks. This situation is likely to de-motivate the permanent employees in addition to causing conflict and strain with the other employees. With time, the permanent employees begin to lose interest in particular tasks foe which they feel they should also be compensated and rewarded. Legal implications Change in organization structure: a move or expansion of Clothes R US not only affects the location of the business but also the organization and business structure. Managers will need to sit down and re-define jobs and responsibilities to accommodate the new store. This also means determining the methods through which the stores will receive their inventory and distribute the same. As a registered business, the company will need to report the change in structure. Gopal (2008) indicates that this is a step that is often over-looked during expansion and which could prove slightly more than costly to the new venture. Registered businesses need to record such changes and report them to the registrar of businesses for their own protection. Should a dispute arise, the company will turn to the changes recorded with the registrar and this is what will be used to determine the direction of the case. Business licenses: although the new store will be operating as a franchise of the main store, it is important to note that licenses will be required for this particular business. This includes licenses to operate in Sheffield, and also distribute items in Sheffield. Lack of a license is considered fraud and could land senior managers and the business itself in a lot of legal problems. In addition, the business will require a tax registration. Many business owners assume that the new venture will operate with the same tax registration. However, according to the law, both businesses are separate ventures and require individual tax registration licenses. Zoning requirements: although there are several clothing and fashion businesses operating in Sheffield, before opening the store it is important to research and find out some of the zoning requirements. To avoid congestion zoning laws are changed frequently. Should such law take effect before the opening of the business, it is likely that the same business could be closed before taking off. Non- disclosure: being in a volatile industry such as fashion and clothing; the company has expanded very fast. With a high turnover of employees, it is not surprising that many other businesses with almost similar structure including marketing and customer relationship are being set up.   This exposure is a result of ignoring the importance of a non-disclosure agreement with all employees. Confidential information is leaked, former employees set up competing shops all because the non- disclosure is ignored, (Dessler 2000). From here on henceforth all employees permanent and contingent should sign non-disclosure agreements prepared by the legal departments and carefully structured for the company needs. Non-disclosure agreements are not just for the employees but also other stakeholders who come into contact with the company. This includes suppliers who may be tempted to contact competitors with sensitive information that could earn them a good and better profit. This means that all contracts must include a tight and binding non- disclosure agreement. This reduces the exposure of the company and gives a chance to legally fight any exposure by stakeholders, suppliers and employees (former and present) successfully. Maintaining healthy relationships During a move such as is planned by Clothes R US, the company often ignores the needs of the human resource or does not adequately address such needs. A move and expansion such as this one is likely to bring feelings of anxiety or apprehension. If such feelings are not properly addressed, the employees will become less than motivated and conflict levels may arise. The following are some of the strategies which could be employed to ensure a healthy relationship during the move: Communication: the communication channels between employees and senior managers of Cloths are US have not always been open. Employees are often in the dark about exactly what is happening to the company. Of course, this is because managers have been plagued with the disease of contingent workers. During this move, it would be advisable for the managers to be open and develop an open door policy with regard to issues facing the company and assisting employees manage the challenges they are facing.   Through proper and good communication, senior managers of the company can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their own employees. It may also be surprising to learn that some employees possess talent, skills and information that would not only make the move much easier bust also more profitable to the company. Empowerment: employees of Clothes R Us have suffered from lack of empowerment. This has led to lowered performance and serious problems in motivation. The moving period is an ideal opportunity to empower the permanent employees by providing them with unique tasks cultured for their own training and set of skills. This will give employees an opportunity to become more involved and therefore foster commitment to the project. Mathis and Jackson (2003), state that In addition, empowerment will free managers to focus on the bigger tasks rather than sweating the details. This is a great opportunity for employees to test their own abilities and creativity in dealing with the challenges that come forth. The result is a much more motivated and high skilled set of workers who are committed to the project fully. It is time for the senior managers to trust their own employees. Groups and Teams: the company definitely requires some form of synergy in the work force. This could be easily achieved by relying on groups and teams. In teams, members are expected to communicate, bounce ideas around and correct each other’s mistakes. The result is that there is a diverse set of knowledge. Further, tasks are completed as a team fostering healthy and positive relationships which have been lacking within the company. According to Jeffs (2008), to enjoy the full fruits of groups and teams, the managers have the responsibility of ensuring that the teams are composed of members with complimentary knowledge, skills and characters. This reduces the amount of conflict that could be experienced and promotes more positive forms of challenging each other. The groups also need to enjoy some sort of autonomy with minimum supervision so that the members enjoy the freedom of decision making.   The teams in themselves are leaders, coaches and guides in the tasks that are. Recommendations The problems faced by Clothes R US can be resolved simply though the three components of the expectancy theory by Vroom Victor. His theory suggests that when employees believe that high efforts are often met with high rewards, they become more motivated. The components of such motivation are: Increasing expectancy: employees of the company have been suffering from low expectations, a situation that has been brought on by increased reliance of young, temporary workers. Senior managers have an opportunity to communicate that high efforts will lead to great rewards for permanent employees. Based on this, employees need to be challenged to take up challenging tasks, the success of which will be increased rewards. It is the success in such tasks whether in a team or individually that are likely to increase the level of expectancy.   For workers to have the confidence to take up such challenging tasks, they may require extra training and team building activities that will give them the confidence. Increasing instrumentality: managers at Clothes R US have ignored and barely understand the importance of instrumentality to increasing employee motivation. Instrumentality speaks to the employee’s perception about the extent to which performance within certain tasks will lead to desired goals and results. Such goals include, increased pay, job security and the chance to undertake more interesting and captivating projects.   Instrumentality can be achieved simply though the expansion of job duties and flexibility of job titles which allow employees to test their own abilities and talents. For example, should the company link pay rises to performance; there will be increased instrumentation and as such more motivation not just to work but to excel at work. This will also deal with the issue of increased turn over. Increasing valence: expectancy theory acknowledges that when it comes to goals and outcomes, people are different. Whereas some workers may respond to pay increase, others are more interested in challenging tasks and projects. Valence therefore addresses how each of the outcomes appears to employees. Senior managers will not just throw in what they think will be attractive to employees. Rather, they will take time to understand the work force and appeal to their own variety of desires, goals and needs. A key challenge for the managers of Clothes R US, is finding the right pattern of motivation while at the same time trying to expand the scope of the business. No matter how many desirable outcomes the managers present to the employees, if they continue to feel that temporary workers can do better than motivation will go down, (David 2005).   This means scaling down on the contingent workers and relying more and more on the permanent employees. The company has the challenge of brining back confidence to its workers. This means focusing on diversity in the job specifications and ensuring flexibility in the tasks assigned to the work force. References David, F. R. (2005).  Strategic management: Concepts and cases. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall. Dessler, G. (2000).  Human resource management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Gopal, C. C. R. (2008).  Business legislation (textbook with suggested answers). New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Jeffs, C. (2008).  Strategic management. Los Angeles: SAGE. Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2003).  Human resource management. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-western.